
The Philippine Military Academy was established in October 25, 1898 after US imperialism granted bogus independence to the country. General Emilio Aguinaldo was installed as their first puppet president. US objective was to establish a training institution for military men. An institution to defend their interest and maintain a social base of comprador and landlord classes in power. Those who joined the military came from the poor and middle sections of classes. Thye joined hoping they can have good college education and good military careers . A select number though came from the upper classes aiming to establish firmer control over their social and economic positions in society. Through the academy US imperialism insured fresh flow of young people will graduate to maintain a subservient political and economic system is already in place. It had also insured that the domestic government will fund it through people's taxes.
Since most of the students in the academy as I said came from poor and middle class sections of society, it also became a breeding ground for military leaders who would later voice their disgust over the system.
As the crisis of semi-colonial and semi-feudal system deepened through the years, most of them saw the rottenness of the system such as beaurucrat capitalism characterized with the wide spread and rampant corruption of big landlord and comprador politicians. They were exposed to the centrality of politics which was an activity of getting, maintaining and sustaining power. Many of them questioned the nature of institution the're in and other institutions and even further questionsed the very dialectical relationship of the superstructure and infrastructure and how the coercive state machinery they, fitted in it in terms of its role. Some of them advocated for reforms inside the academy, tohers dropped out. Those who painstakingly pursued the training and their military careers have only to taste ans see the harsh realities of exploitation and oppression. Some where co-opted,corrupted, some not. With people overthrowing one regime after another, some of them came to understand the importance of people's capacities and power. The harse realities have nontheless politicized them. Some saw social change as futile thus remained silent and played with the game of oppression, others became defiant and started organiziing organizations of their own , brotherhoods, regional and national organizations. These organizations became lauching pads for networking and organizing. Onthe otherhand these same organizations were also popularly sought by landlord and comprador cliques masquerading as politicians but where not in direct control of power inorder to leverage themselves those in power.
In line with Emilio Aguinaldo's legacy of middle class right, these young men entertained the notion that they can make and unmake the political system without the people, the same logic as Aguinaldo ordered the assassination of Bonifacio during the Spanish colonial times. As domestic crisis in the country intensified making the unseen characteristics of politics seen, the not obvious becomig obvious, they came to realize a bigger picture -- that the problem of the Philippines is structure in nature.
Today, we see a lot of them on our TV screens. Most seniors who have been coopted play vital roles in governance. We have a long list of retired generals as secretaries and undersecretaries, governors, mayors and senators. The younger ones we see are those put in jail and hunted. They share the idea of the urgent need to address the rotting social system, some for reforms, others for radical change. Representative of the ruling class as in the case of Gloria Macapagal Arryo sensing are in the frenzy of desperately neutralizing the situation. However as they intervene, the more politicized they become. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo the other day had nothing to present but to recite her mantra of appealing them not to run counter to their interest ( landlord and comprador interests), calls for neutrality by upholding the "constitution", the same constitution they want to change to gave leeway for foreign business interest to exploite the country's resources.
Knowing the strategic value of the academy in molding the minds of the young the late Capt. Rene Jarque wrote a passionate letter appealing to the young soldiers. On the occasion of the PMA's graduation it is of importance to reread his letter and the ideas his trying to expound and elucidate and reflection further on them as we continue to reach out men and women in the military in support for the people's struggle for justice freedom and democracy.
To The Corps of Cadets, Armed Forces of the Philippines Philippine Military Academy
From Capt. (Ret.) Rene Jarque, rjarque@aml_corp.com
Class of 1986
Today, a grave situation is facing the Academy, the Armed Forces and our beloved country amidst the political turmoil. It is not just about the rule of law or the Constitution. It is about the death of the Honor Code. Indeed. In the midst of all the noise is the question of the integrity of the Officer Corps whose ranks you will join after graduation. I am writing to the cadet corps because, with your youthful idealism and genuine desire to serve the country, it is you who, I believe, can appreciate and understand the message which no longer seems to hold the ears of the generals anymore, many of whom are Peemayers. I am writing to you because I do not see hope for reform in the generals today. You are the future of the armed forces and it is fair that you know what is going on in the organization you will serve in. From your ranks will emerge the future leaders of this country and consider this an appeal from my generation which I sadly feel has lost its opportunity to remedy an irresponsible and corrupt system so you may inherit a good one. It seems the generations ahead of us have kept the power for themselves for so long and they have become greedier and dirtier.
The Honor Code. A cadet shall not lie, cheat, steal nor tolerate those who do. Those words form the essence of your character, as a cadet and later on, as an officer. Honor is truth and the moral resolve to speak it. It is choosing and defending the harder right and denouncing and opposing the easier wrong. Honor is the humility to accept mistakes, to take responsibility and seek accountability. It is what being an officer and a gentleman is all about. Honor is the heart and soul of military professionalism. The AFP Code of Ethics says it all: We believe in honor as our crowning value as it is more precious than life itself. It is the hallmark of military conduct which implies our clear consciousness of personal dignity and worth. We associate it with good reputation and is an immortal, sacred part of our character, the violation of which should bring about shame in us and the dignity to impose on ourselves the requisite restitution. To us honor means truthfulness, sincerity, honesty, uprightness, credibility and avoidance of deception .. We shall not lie, cheat, steal, violate moral and ethical codes nor tolerate violations of the same. (Article III, Section 1.1)
By the strength of the Honor Code, there should be no corruption in the Armed Forces. But by conversion, construction, commission, the generals stole from and cheated the people. By covering up conversion for many years and denying it in the very halls of the Senate, they lied to the people. By keeping silent, they have tolerated one another. Truly, they have made a mockery of the Honor Code. The laxity of the Officer Corps has created a culture that goes against what the Honor Code stands for. It pains me to tell you, Sirs, that the Honor Code is moribund, if not yet dead, in the Armed Forces. All right no longer works in the Officer Corps. As such, the AFP has become a dishonorable organization without a conscience, without a soul. The generals know it but they are in self-denial. These corrupt generals should be locked up to listen through endless Honor lectures until their ears bleed.
General Garcia, class of 1971, is a clear example. Hundreds of millions of pesos hidden in several bank
accounts while soldiers are dying in the field for lack of medical care and suffering for lack of essential supplies. Where is honor here? Where is the professional leadership that the generals proclaim? Garcia is not alone as other Peemayers are involved in the same despicable modus operandi with a clear intent to take advantage and deceive. He knows about conversion and corruption in the AFP -- who are the officers and government officials involved, what funds were diverted for political purposes or to build mansions, buy condominiums and fancy cars -- but like a member of the mafia with a vow of omerta or silence, he is not telling. He is even using the so called rule of law to cover up for his wrongdoing and that of other Peemayers. You tell me if there is honor here. It hurts to hear that PMA has become the Philippine Millionaires Academy but it is an apt description.
Indeed, the generals are a big part of the problem and genuine reform in the AFP is not possible with them. Also in government, as some have become politicians, cabinet members, diplomats and bureaucrats. You don’t need to look far as to who they are. You read them in the papers, see them on television and on the grounds of Borromeo field during Alumni week -- they who quibbled about conversion and corruption in the Senate, who declared jueteng clear when it is still rampant, who use the rule of law to cover up crimes, who violate human rights to prop up an evil regime, who abet electoral fraud and help destroy the very core of democracy. Today’s political crisis shows that Honor has died out in the Officer Corps and Armed Forces. Many of the generals knowingly participated in electoral fraud and immersed themselves unethically in the political process. But they deny it. Why? For promotion? For position? For money? Whatever. What is certain is that they have forgotten the Honor Code and how to be honorable.
As citizens, we want an honest and trustworthy government. But how can we expect one if the biggest liar, cheat and thief is the Commander in Chief? How can we expect reform in the armed forces and in government when the generals are among the biggest crooks? The President has committed a horrendous violation of the Honor Code by stealing the votes, cheating the citizenry and lying to us all. And she is taking the Officer Corps down with her lying, cheating and stealing. This is an insult to the Cadet Corps, the Officer Corps, the Philippine Military Academy, the Armed Forces and the people. For the Officer Corps, there is a chance to rectify these errors and atone for its sins against the people but the generals will not allow it lest they lose their power and wealth and/or go to jail. For if real change and meaningful reforms are to happen, the generals, many of whom are holdovers from martial law, must be held accountable for their abuses and thievery, which even during martial law were illegal, not to mention immoral. These skeletons have to be exposed and accounted for in order to heal a very sick Officer Corps and Armed Forces and an anemic Republic.
Courage, Integrity, Loyalty. These words dictate who you are and who you must be in service to the nation. They define your character. They give you hope and inspiration in daunting situations. More than physical courage to face the enemy in battle, you must have the moral courage to fight wrong and stand for right. Integrity is the wholeness of self, what you think or believe, is what you say and do. It involves the conscious discernment if a decision or act is right or wrong and to speak and act accordingly. Loyalty should not be blind, holding on to your superior, right or wrong. On the contrary, the minute he stands for wrong, honor demands that you denounce him. Your loyalty should be to the institution that reflects what you believe in as to what is right and honest and for the common good.
I believe that PMA is the bedrock of those values, Courage, Integrity, Loyalty. And it saddens me to tell you that even our beloved Academy has not been spared from the corruption in the Armed Forces. Maybe not with the present Superintendent as I know him to be one of the progressive and reform minded officers but you never know the pressure from the top. During the Alumni parade, it is very disheartening to see unprofessional and corrupt graduates soil the hallowed grounds of Borromeo field wearing suits or barongs that were most likely funded by converted funds. I am afraid the joke which says the first thing that is erased in the bullring is Integrity is close to the truth. Greed for power and wealth, and indifference has erased it. I hope this will not happen to you.
The AFP is unprofessional because the Officer Corps has neglected its duty and betrayed the Academy motto. The Officer Corps and the Armed Forces need to be overhauled and it will not be easy. The challenges will be tough and the supreme irony of it is that your greatest enemy will be Peemayers who have forgotten the Honor code. When I tried to expose the nature of corruption in the armed forces the first time, I was given a dressing down by the Chief of Staff, class 62. The second time, the Chief of Staff, this time class 63, relieved me from my position with orders to be thrown to a distant assignment. The third time, the Commanding General of the Army, class 66 cut off the magazines circulation and had them burned. And I thought the Inquisition has been over for a long time.
Courage, Integrity, Loyalty and the Honor Code are the hallmarks of a true military professional.
These hallmarks are but mere shadows now. The constellation of generals stars have turned into blackholes of dishonesty and filth. Gone are the ideals of noblesse oblige and genteel poverty that should characterize a simple soldiers life. In its place are malevolent arrogance and the shameless pursuit of affluence. The system today rewards unethical conduct by promoting inept and corrupt officers. The President compounds the problem by giving these corrupt officers government positions after retirement. Being in these high positions, they perpetuate corruption, clamp down on constructive criticism and cover up their dirty deeds. The death of the honor code has created a morally bankrupt Officer Corps. This has dire consequences for the future of the academy, the armed forces and the country. For all our sake, honor and the Honor Code must be resurrected.
I am aware that appealing to your sense of honor as future officers may, in the end, prove futile as you will
be sucked into a system that frowns on honest men and women. As you enter the service, you will be tempted and exposed to corruption and abuse but with the strength of the Honor Code in you, please hold firm. Some of you may succumb for the sake of survival and pressure but do not forget the Code. When you lead your men, keep your eyes, your mind and your heart open. But always keep your soul intact by keeping the Code. Be strong in the thought that the Code is within you. You will have moments of weakness but you must always strive to live a life of nobility and honor. Always remember the words in the Bible, For what does it matter if a man gains the world but loses his soul.
I have had my own share of dishonor, especially in tolerating as a young officer the abuses and corrupt activities of my superiors. I also took advantage of the system by receiving allowances and other perks. Later, I realized that there was no way out but out and so I left the service, believing that by doing so I can keep my integrity intact. But today, I am still haunted by what I know about how rotten the system has become -- a rot that has been perpetuated by graduates of PMA with full knowledge and clear intent to deceive and take advantage. I believe in the capability of the Officer Corps to heal itself and I am hopeful for change though today, it seems almost impossible. I believe we all share the vision of a decent and honest Officer Corps and professional armed forces. Towards this end, perhaps the Cadet Corps can help awaken the generals who have been oblivious to the calls for honor and honest conduct. Together with the other elements in the AFP, perhaps you can create a Community of Conscience that shames corruption in the Armed Forces and dishonorable conduct in the Officer Corps. Where generations of upperclassman before you have failed, you can begin anew. For you are the hope of the armed forces and the motherland.
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